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In free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) between moving parties, e.g.,free-space QKD via satellite, the reference frame rotation and fluctuationdegrades the performance of QKD. Reference-frame-independent QKD (RFI-QKD)provides a simple but efficient way to overcome this problem. While there hasbeen a number of theoretical and experimental studies on RFI-QKD, theexperimental verification of the robustness of RFI-QKD over other QKD protocolsunder the reference frame rotation and fluctuation is still missing. Here, wehave constructed a free-space QKD system which can implement BB84, six-state,and RFI-QKD protocols, and compared their performances under the referenceframe rotation and fluctuation. With the theoretical analysis and experimentaldata, we have successfully verified the robustness of RFI-QKD protocol overother QKD protocols in the presence of reference frame rotation andfluctuation.

Experimental comparison of various quantum key distribution protocols under reference frame rotation and fuctuation