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The temperature of the semiconductor diode increases under strong lightillumination whether thermoelectric cooler is installed or not, which changesthe output wavelength of the laser (Lee M. S. et al., 2017). However, othercharacteristics also vary as temperature increases. These variations may helpthe eavesdropper in practical quantum key distribution systems. We study theeffects of temperature increase on gain-switched semiconductor lasers bysimulating temperature dependent rate equations. The results show thattemperature increase may cause large intensity fluctuation, decrease the outputintensity and lead the signal state and decoy state distinguishable. We alsopropose a modified photon number splitting attack by exploiting the effects oftemperature increase. Countermeasures are also proposed.

Strong light illumination on gain-switched semiconductor lasers helps the eavesdropper in practical quantum key distribution systems