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We analyze theoretically the phenomenon of electromagnetically inducedtransparency (EIT) under conditions where the probe laser is not in the usualweak limit. We consider the effects in both three-level and four-level systems,which are either closed or open (due to losses to an external metastablelevel). We find that the EIT dip almost disappears in a closed three-levelsystem but survives in an open system. In four-level systems, there is a narrowenhanced-absorption peak (EITA) at line center, which has applications as anoptical clock. The peak converts to an EIT dip in a closed system, but againsurvives in an open system.

Role of population transfer under strong probe conditions in electromagnetically induced transparency