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Color-kinematics (CK) duality is a remarkable symmetry of gluon amplitudesthat is the key to the double copy which links gauge theory and gravityamplitudes. Here we show that the complete Yang-Mills action itself, includingits gauge-fixing and ghost sectors required for quantization, can be recast tomanifest CK duality using a series of field redefinitions and gauge choices.Crucially, the resulting loop-level integrands are automatically CK-dual, up topotential Jacobian counterterms required for unitarity. While thesecounterterms may break CK duality, they exist, are unique and, since thetree-level is unaffected, may be deduced from the action or the integrands.Consequently, CK duality is a symmetry of the action like any other symmetry,and it is anomalous in a controlled and mostly harmless sense. Our resultsapply to any theory with CK-dual tree-level amplitudes. We also show that twoCK duality-manifesting parent actions may be factorized and fused into aconsistent quantizable offspring, with the double copy as the prime example.This provides a direct proof of the double copy to all loop orders.

Tree-Level Color-Kinematics Duality Implies Loop-Level Color-Kinematics Duality up to Counterterms