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The minimal flavor structures for both quarks and leptons are proposed toaddress fermion mass hierarchy and flavor mixings by bi-unitary decompositionof the fermion mass matrix. The real matrix ${\bf M}_0^f$ is completelyresponsive to family mass hierarchy, which is expressed by a close-to-flatmatrix structure. The left-handed unitary phase ${\bf F}_L^f$ provides theorigin of CP violation in quark and lepton mixings, which can be explained as aquantum effect between Yukawa interaction states and weak gauge states. Theminimal flavor structure is realized by just 10 parameters without anyredundancy, corresponding to 6 fermion masses, 3 mixing angles and 1 CPviolation in the quark/lepton sector. This approach provides a general flavorstructure independent of the specific quark or lepton flavor data. We verifythe validation of the flavor structure by reproducing quark/lepton masses andmixings. Some possible scenarios that yield the flavor structure are alsodiscussed.

The Minimal Flavor Structure from Decomposition of the Fermion Mass Matrix