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The unintegrated parton distribution functions (UPDFs) of $^3H$, $^3He$ and$^4He$ nuclei are generated to calculate their structure functions (SFs) in the$k_t$-factorization approach. The Kimber-Martin-Ryskin (KMR) formalisn isapplied to evaluate the double-scale UPDFs of these nuclei from theirsingle-scale parton distribution functions (PDFs), which can be obtained fromthe constituent quark exchange model (CQEM). Afterwards, these SFs are used tocalculate the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) ratios of these nuclei. Theresulting EMC ratios are then compared with the available experimental data andgood agreement with data is achieved. In comparison with our previous EMCratios, in which the conventional PDFs were used in the calculations, theaccord of the present outcomes with experiment at the small $x$ region becomesimpressive. Therefore, it can be concluded that the $k_t$ dependence of partonscan reproduce the general form of the shadowing effect at the small $x$ valuesin above nuclei.

nuclear physics a

The EMC ratios of $^4He$, $^3He$ and $^3H$ nuclei in the $k_t$  factorization framework using the Kimber-Martin-Ryskin unintegrated parton  distribution functions