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A pair-normalized two-particle covariance versus the rapidity of the twoparticles, called R$_2$, was originally studied in ISR and FNAL data in the1970's. This variable has recently seen renewed interest for the study of thedynamics of heavy-ion collisions in the longitudinal direction. These rapiditycorrelations can be decomposed into a basis set of Legendre polynomials withprefactors $\langle a_{mn}\rangle$, which can be considered the rapidity analogof the decomposition of azimuthal anisotropies into a set of cosine functionswith prefactors v$_{\rm n}$. The $\langle a_{mn}\rangle$ values have beensuggested to be sensitive to the number of particle emitting sources, baryonstopping, viscosities, and critical behavior. The rapidity correlations havebeen measured by the STAR collaboration as a function of the beam energy for0-5% central Au$+$Au collisions with beam energies ranging from 7.7 to 200$\mathrm{GeV}$. The experimental results and comparisons to the UrQMD model arepresented.

Rapidity correlations in the RHIC Beam Energy Scan Data