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Charm and bottom quarks are formed predominantly by gluon fusion in theinitial hard scatterings at RHIC, making them good probes of the full mediumevolution. Previous measurements at RHIC have shown large suppression andazimuthal anisotropy of open heavy-flavor hadrons in Au+Au collisions at$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200~{\rm GeV}$. Explaining the simultaneously large suppressionand flow of heavy quarks has been challenging. To further understand theheavy-flavor transport in the hot and dense medium, it is imperative to alsomeasure cold nuclear matter effects which affect the initial distribution ofheavy quarks as well as the system size dependence of the final statesuppression. In this talk, new measurements by the PHENIX collaboration ofelectrons from heavy-flavor decays in $p$+$p$, $d$+Au, and Cu+Cu collisions at$\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200~{\rm GeV}$ are presented. In particular, a surprisingenhancement of intermediate transverse momentum heavy-flavor decay leptons in$d$+Au at mid and backward rapidity are also seen in mid-central Cu+Cucollisions. This enhancement is much larger than the expectation fromanti-shadowing of the parton distributions and is theoretically unexplained.

Measurement of electrons from heavy-flavor decays from $p$+$p$, $d$+Au, and Cu+Cu collisions in the PHENIX experiment