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Measurements of the midrapidity transverse energy distribution $d{\rmE}_T/d\eta$ are presented for $p$$+$$p$, $d$$+$Au, and Au$+$Au Collisions at$\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=62.4--200 GeV. The ${\rm E}_T$ distributions are comparedwith the number of participants, $N_{\rm part}$, the number ofconstituent-quark participants, $N_{qp}$, and the number of color-strings(Additive Quark Model-AQM) calculated from a Glauber model. For Au$+$Au,$\langle d{\rm E}_T/d\eta/(0.5 N_{\rm part})\rangle$ increases with $N_{\rmpart}$, while $\langle d{\rm E}_T/d\eta/N_{qp}\rangle$ is approximatelyconstant vs. centrality for $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}} \geq 62.4$ GeV. This indicatesthat the two component ansatz, $d{\rm E}_T^{\rm AA}/d\eta=(d{\rm E}_T^{\rmpp}/d\eta)\ [(1-x)\, N_{\rm part}/2 + x\, N_{\rm coll}]$, which has been usedto represent ${\rm E}_T$ distributions, is simply a proxy for $N_{qp}$, andthat the $N_{\rm coll}$ term does not represent a hard-scattering component in${\rm E}_T$ distributions. The $d{\rm E}_T/d\eta$ distributions of $d$$+$Au,and Au$+$Au are calculated from the measured $p$$+$$p$ ${\rm E}_T$ distributionusing two models (AQM and $N_{qp}$) that both reproduce the Au$+$Au data. Forthe asymmetric $d$$+$Au system, the $N_{qp}$ model reproduces the data whilethe AQM does not.

nuclear physics a

Transverse Energy ($E_T$) distributions at mid-rapidity in $p$$+$$p$,  $d$$+$Au and Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$=200 GeV and  implications for particle production models