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The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne detectordesigned to measure high energy cosmic-rays and $\gamma$-rays. As a keysub-detector of DAMPE, the Bismuth Germanium Oxide (BGO) imaging calorimeter isutilized to measure the particle energy with a high resolution. The nonlinearfluorescence response of BGO for large ionization energy deposition, known asthe quenching effect, results in an under-estimate of the energy measurementfor cosmic-ray nuclei. In this paper, various models are employed tocharacterize the BGO quenching factors obtained from the experimental data ofDAMPE. Applying the proper quenching model in the detector simulation process,we investigate the tuned energy responses for various nuclei and compare theresults based on two different simulation softwares, i.e. GEANT4 and FLUKA. TheBGO quenching effect results in a decrease of the measured energy byapproximately $2.5\%$ ($5.7 \%$) for carbon (iron) at $\sim$10 GeV/n and $<1\%$above 1 TeV/n, respectively. Accordingly, the correction of the BGO quenchingeffect leads to an increase of the low-energy flux measurement of cosmic-raynuclei.

nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. section a, accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment/nuclear instruments and methods in physics research. section a, accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment

BGO quenching effect on spectral measurements of cosmic-ray nuclei in DAMPE experiment