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This paper describes the implementation and performance of CsI(Tl) pulseshape discrimination for the Belle II electromagnetic calorimeter, representingthe first application of CsI(Tl) pulse shape discrimination for particleidentification at an electron-positron collider. The pulse shapecharacterization algorithms applied by the Belle II calorimeter are described.Control samples of $\gamma$, $\mu^+$, $\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p/\bar{p}$ areused to demonstrate the significant insight into the secondary particlecomposition of calorimeter clusters that is provided by CsI(Tl) pulse shapediscrimination. Comparisons with simulation are presented and provide furthervalidation for newly developed CsI(Tl) scintillation response simulationtechniques, which when incorporated with GEANT4 simulations allow the particledependent scintillation response of CsI(Tl) to be modelled. Comparisons betweendata and simulation also demonstrate that pulse shape discrimination can be anew tool to identify sources of improvement in the simulation of hadronicinteractions in materials. The $K_L^0$ efficiency and photon-as-hadronfake-rate of a multivariate classifier that is trained to use pulse shapediscrimination is presented and comparisons are made to a shower-shape basedapproach. CsI(Tl) pulse shape discrimination is shown to reduce thephoton-as-hadron fake-rate by over a factor of 3 at photon energies of 0.2 GeVand over a factor 10 at photon energies of 1 GeV.

nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section a accelerators spectrometers detectors and associated equipment

CsI(Tl) Pulse Shape Discrimination with the Belle II Electromagnetic  Calorimeter as a Novel Method to Improve Particle Identification at  Electron-Positron Colliders