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Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is responsible for the provision of aerialradiometric surveys in the event of a radiological or nuclear emergency inCanada. Manned aerial surveys are an essential element of the plannedconsequence management operation, as demonstrated by the recovery workfollowing the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, and their effects inFukushima, Japan. Flying lower and slower than manned aircraft, an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) can provide improved spatial resolution. In particular,hot spot activity can be underestimated in manned survey results as the higherflight altitude and wider line spacing effectively average the hot spot over alarger area. Moreover, a UAV can enter an area which is hazardous for humans.NRCan has been investigating the inclusion of UAV-borne radiation surveyspectrometers into its aerial survey response procedures. The AdvancedRadiation Detector for UAV Operations (ARDUO) was developed to exploit theflight and lift capabilities available in the under 25kg class of UAVs. Thedetector features eight 2.8cm x 2.8cm x 5.6cm CsI(Tl) crystals in aself-shielding configuration, read out with silicon photomultipliers anddigitized using miniaturized custom electronics. The ARDUO is flown on a main-and tail-rotor UAV called Responder which has a 6kg lift capacity and up to40min. endurance. The performance of the ARDUO-Responder UAV system wascharacterized in both lab and outdoor trials. Outdoor trials consisted ofaerial surveys over sealed point sources and over a distributed source. Resultsshow how the directional response of the ARDUO can provide an indication inreal time of source location for in-flight guidance. As well, the results showhow use of the directional information in post-acquisition processing canresult in improved spatial resolution of radiation features for both point anddistributed sources.

In-Flight Performance of the Advanced Radiation Detector for UAV Operations (ARDUO)