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A large area (0.5~m $\times$ 0.5~m) thermal neutron detector was developedbased on 0.32~mm-thick $^{6}$LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator sheets. The detector wasconstructed for measurements of seasonal variations in low intensity thermalneutron flux at deep underground sites. The detector response to neutrons wasstudied using a low intensity $^{241}$Am/$^{9}$Be($\alpha$,n) neutron source.The digital pulse shape discrimination technique was applied to separateneutron capture events from the background caused by traces of$\alpha$-emitters from Uranium and Thorium decay chains in scintillatorcomponents. The thermal neutron detection efficiency was 0.368$\pm$0.018(0.155$\pm$0.009) before (after) event selection based on the digital pulseshape discrimination method. The measured $\alpha$-particle background eventrate in the $^{6}$LiF:ZnS(Ag) scintillator was(4.88$\pm$0.06(stat))$\times$10$^{-6}$ $\alpha$ cm$^{-2}$sec$^{-1}$. As a testof detector performance we measured the thermal neutron flux at the KamLANDarea of the Kamioka neutrino observatory and compared it with result of theneutron flux measurement carried out at the Super-Kamiokande site. The thermalneutron flux at KamLAND was (6.43$\pm$0.50)$\times$10$^{-6}$ ncm$^{-2}$sec$^{-1}$ that included $\sim$10~\% contribution from neutrons withenergies above 1~eV. During the detector construction we identified a source ofhigh amplitude noise pulses generated by 5-inch R1250 photomultipliersmanufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K. K..

A large area detector for thermal neutron flux measurements at the KamLAND site