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A large Time Projection Chamber is the main device for tracking andcharged-particle identification in the ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC. Afterthe second long shutdown in 2019/20, the LHC will deliver Pb beams colliding atan interaction rate of about 50 kHz, which is about a factor of 50 above thepresent readout rate of the TPC. This will result in a significant improvementon the sensitivity to rare probes that are considered key observables tocharacterize the QCD matter created in such collisions. In order to make fulluse of this luminosity, the currently used gated Multi-Wire ProportionalChambers will be replaced. The upgrade relies on continuously operated readoutdetectors employing Gas Electron Multiplier technology to retain theperformance in terms of particle identification via the measurement of thespecific energy loss by ionization d$E$/d$x$. A full-size readout chamberprototype was assembled in 2014 featuring a stack of four GEM foils as anamplification stage. The performance of the prototype was evaluated in a testbeam campaign at the CERN PS. The d$E$/d$x$ resolution complies with both theperformance of the currently operated MWPC-based readout chambers and thechallenging requirements of the ALICE TPC upgrade program. Detailed simulationsof the readout system are able to reproduce the data.

Particle identification studies with a full-size 4-GEM prototype for the ALICE TPC upgrade