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Time Projection Chamber (TPC) has been chosen as the main tracking system inseveral high-flux and high repetition rate experiments. These include on-goingexperiments such as ALICE and future experiments such as PANDA at FAIR and ILC.Different $\mathrm{R}\&\mathrm{D}$ activities were carried out on the adoptionof Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) as the gas amplification stage of theALICE-TPC upgrade version. The requirement of low ion feedback has beenestablished through these activities. Low ion feedback minimizes distortionsdue to space charge and maintains the necessary values of detector gain andenergy resolution. In the present work, Garfield simulation framework has beenused to study the related physical processes occurring within single, tripleand quadruple GEM detectors. Ion backflow and electron transmission ofquadruple GEMs, made up of foils with different hole pitch under differentelectromagnetic field configurations (the projected solutions for the ALICETPC) have been studied. Finally a new triple GEM detector configuration withlow ion backflow fraction and good electron transmission properties has beenproposed as a simpler GEM-based alternative suitable for TPCs for futurecollider experiments.

3D Simulation of Electron and Ion Transmission of GEM-based Detectors