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A Time Projection Chamber (TPC) is an ideal device for the detection ofcharged particle tracks in a large volume covering a solid angle of almost$4\pi$. The high density of hits on a given particle track facilitates the taskof pattern recognition in a high-occupancy environment and in addition providesparticle identification by measuring the specific energy loss for each track.For these reasons, TPCs with Multiwire Proportional Chamber (MWPC)amplification have been and are widely used in experiments recording heavy-ioncollisions. A significant drawback, however, is the large dead time of theorder of 1 ms per event generated by the use of a gating grid, which ismandatory to prevent ions created in the amplification region from driftingback into the drift volume, where they would severely distort the drift path ofsubsequent tracks. For experiments with higher event rates this concept of aconventional TPC operating with a triggered gating grid can therefore not beapplied without a significant loss of data. A continuous readout of the signalsis the more appropriate way of operation. This, however, constitutes a changeof paradigm with considerable challenges to be met concerning the amplificationregion, the design and bandwidth of the readout electronics, and the datahandling. A mandatory prerequisite for such an operation is a sufficiently goodsuppression of the ion backflow from the avalanche region, which otherwiselimits the tracking and particle identification capabilities of such adetector. Gas Electron Multipliers (GEM) are a promising candidate to combineexcellent spatial resolution with an intrinsic suppression of ions. In thispaper we describe the design, construction and the commissioning of a large TPCwith GEM amplification and without gating grid (GEM-TPC).

A Large Ungated TPC with GEM Amplification