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The accurate calibration of photomultiplier tubes is critical in a widevariety of applications for which it is necessary to know the absolute numberof detected photons or precisely determine the resolution of the signal.Conventional calibration methods rely on fitting the photomultiplier responseto a low intensity light source with analytical approximations to the singlephotoelectron distribution. We show that this approach often leads to biasedestimates due to an inability to model the full distribution accurately,especially at low charge values. We present a simple statistical method toextract the relevant single photoelectron calibration parameters (first twocentral moments) without making any assumptions about the underlying singlephotoelectron distribution. We illustrate the use of this method through thecalibration of a Hamamatsu R11410 photomultiplier tube and study the accuracyand precision of the method using Monte Carlo simulations. The method is foundto have significantly reduced bias compared to conventional methods and worksunder a wide range of light intensities, making it suitable for thesimultaneous calibration of large arrays of photomultiplier tubes where uniformillumination may not be possible.

Model Independent Approach to the Single Photoelectron Calibration of Photomultiplier Tubes