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Radiation therapy with protons as of today utilizes information from x-ray CTin order to estimate the proton stopping power of the traversed tissue in apatient. The conversion from x-ray attenuation to proton stopping power intissue introduces range uncertainties of the order of 2-3% of the range,uncertainties that are contributing to an increase of the necessary planningmargins added to the target volume in a patient. Imaging methods andmodalities, such as Dual Energy CT and proton CT, have come into considerationin the pursuit of obtaining an as good as possible estimate of the protonstopping power. In this study, a Digital Tracking Calorimeter is benchmarkedfor proof-of-concept for proton CT purposes. The Digital Tracking Calorimeterisapplied for reconstruction of the tracks and energies of individual high energyprotons. The presented prototype forms the basis for a proton CT system using asingle technology for tracking and calorimetry. This advantage simplifies thesetup and reduces the cost of a proton CT system assembly, and it is a uniquefeature of the Digital Tracking Calorimeter. Data from the AGORFIRM beamline atKVI-CART in Groningen in the Netherlands and Monte Carlo simulation results areused to in order to develop a tracking algorithm for the estimation of theresidual ranges of a high number of concurrent proton tracks. The range of theindividual protons can at present be estimated with a resolution of 4%. Thereadout system for this prototype is able to handle an effective protonfrequency of 1 MHz by using 500 concurrent proton tracks in each readout frame,which is at the high end range of present similar prototypes. A future furtheroptimized prototype will enable a high-speed and more accurate determination ofthe ranges of individual protons in a therapeutic beam.

Proton tracking in a high-granularity Digital Tracking Calorimeter for proton CT purposes