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Inelastic neutron scattering at high momentum transfers (i.e. $Q\ge20$ {\AA})or DINS provides direct observation of the momentum distribution of lightatoms, making it a powerful probe for studying single-particle motions inliquids and solids. The quantitative analysis of DINS data requires an accurateknowledge of the instrument resolution function $R_{i}({Q},E)$ at each $Q$ andenergy transfer $E$, where the label $i$ indicates whether the resolution wasexperimentally observed $i={obs}$ or simulated $i=sim$. Here, we describe twoindependent methods for determining the total resolution function$R_{i}({Q},E)$ of the ARCS neutron instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source,Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first method uses experimental data from anarchetypical system (liquid $^4$He) studied with DINS, which are thennumerically deconvoluted using its previously determined intrinsic scatteringfunction to yield $R_{obs}({Q},E)$. The second approach uses accurate MonteCarlo simulations of the ARCS spectrometer, which account for all instrumentcontributions, coupled to a representative scattering kernel to reproduce theexperimentally observed response $S({Q},E)$. Using a delta function asscattering kernel, the simulation yields a resolution function $R_{sim}({Q},E)$with comparable lineshape and features as $R_{obs}({Q},E)$, but somewhatnarrower due to the ideal nature of the model. Using each of these two$R_{i}({Q},E)$ separately, we extract characteristic parameters of liquid$^4$He such as the intrinsic linewidth $\alpha_2$ (which sets the atomickinetic energy $\langle K\rangle\sim\alpha_2$) in the normal liquid and theBose-Einstein condensate parameter $n_0$ in the superfluid phase. The extracted$\alpha_2$ values agree well with previous measurements, independently of which$R_i(Q,y)$ is used to analyze the data.

nuclear instruments and methods in physics research section a accelerators spectrometers detectors and associated equipment

Momentum and Energy Dependent Resolution Function of the ARCS Neutron  Chopper Spectrometer at High Momentum Transfer: Comparing Simulation and  Experimen