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The Advanced Telescope for High-Energy Astrophysics (Athena) has beenselected by ESA as its second large-class mission. The future European X-rayobservatory will study the hot and energetic Universe with its launch foreseenin 2028. Microcalorimeters based on superconducting Transition-edge sensor(TES) are the chosen technology for the detectors array of the X-ray IntegralField Unit (X-IFU) on board of Athena. The X-IFU is a 2-D imagingintegral-field spectrometer operating in the soft X-ray band (0.3 -12 keV). Thedetector consists of an array of 3840 TESs coupled to X-ray absorbers and readout in the MHz bandwidth using Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) based onSuperconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs). The proposed designcalls for devices with a high filling-factor, high quantum efficiency,relatively high count-rate capability and an energy resolution of 2.5 eV at 5.9keV. The paper will review the basic principle and the physics of the TES-basedmicrocalorimeters and present the state-of-the art of the FDM read-out.

Development of the superconducting detectors and read-out for the X-IFU instrument on board of the X-ray observatory Athena