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Pore structures in shales are a main factor affecting the storage capacity and production performance of shale gas reservoirs. Taking Longmaxi Shales in the Jiaoshiba area of the Sichuan Basin as a study object, we systematically study the microscopic pore structures of shales by using Argon-ion polishing Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), high-pressure mercury injection and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and desorption experiments. The study results show that: the Longmaxi Shale in this area are dominated by nano-scale pores which can be classified into organic pores, inorganic pores (intergranular pores, intragranular pores, inter-crystalline pores and dissolution pores), microfractures (intragranular structure fractures, interlayer sliding fractures, diagenetic shrinkage joints and abnormal-pressure fractures from organic evolution), among which organic pores and clay mineral pores are predominant and organic pores are the most common; a TOC value shows an obvious positive correlation with the content of organic pores, which account for up to 50% in the lower-quality shales with a TOC of over 2% where they are most developed; microscopic pore structures are very complex and open, with pores being mainly in cylinder shape with two ends open, or in parallel tabular shape with four sides open and 2–30 nm in diameter, being mostly medium pores. On this basis, factors affecting the micropore structures of shales in this area are studied. It is concluded that organic matter abundance and thermal maturity are the major factors controlling the microscopic pore structures of shales, while the effects of clay mineral content are relatively insignificant

Characteristics and controlling factors of micropore structures of the Longmaxi Shale in the Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin