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Measuring NT-proBNP biomarker is recommended for preliminary diagnostics ofthe heart failure. Recent studies suggest a possibility of early screening ofbiomarkers in saliva for non-invasive identification of cardiac diseases at thepoint-of-care. However, NT-proBNP concentrations in saliva can be thousand timelower than in blood plasma, going down to pg/mL level. To reach this level, wedeveloped a label-free aptasensor based on a liquid-gated field effecttransistor using a film of reduced graphene oxide monolayer (rGO-FET) withimmobilized NT-proBNP specific aptamer. We found that, depending on ionicstrength of tested solutions, there were different levels of correlation inresponses of electrical parameters of the rGO-FET aptasensor, namely, the Diracpoint shift and transconductance change. The correlation in response toNT-proBNP was high for 1.6 mM phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and zero for 16mM PBS in a wide range of analyte concentrations, varied from 1 fg/mL to 10ng/mL. The effects of transconductance and Dirac point shift in PBS solutionsof different concentrations are discussed. The biosensor exhibited a highsensitivity for both transconductance (2 uS/decade) and Dirac point shift (2.3mV/decade) in diluted PBS with the linear range from 10 fg/mL to 1 pg/mL. Theaptasensor performance has been also demonstrated in undiluted artificialsaliva with the achieved limit of detection down to 41 fg/mL (~4.6 fM).

microchemical journal

Femtomolar detection of the heart failure biomarker NT-proBNP in  artificial saliva using an immersible liquid-gated aptasensor with reduced  graphene oxide