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Quantum computers capable of solving classically intractable problems areunder construction, and intermediate-scale devices are approaching completion.Current efforts to design large-scale devices require allocating immenseresources to error correction, with the majority dedicated to the production ofhigh-fidelity ancillary states known as magic-states. Leading techniques focuson dedicating a large, contiguous region of the processor as a single"magic-state distillation factory" responsible for meeting the magic-statedemands of applications. In this work we design and analyze a set of optimizedfactory architectural layouts that divide a single factory into spatiallydistributed factories located throughout the processor. We find thatdistributed factory architectures minimize the space-time volume overheadimposed by distillation. Additionally, we find that the number of distributedcomponents in each optimal configuration is sensitive to applicationcharacteristics and underlying physical device error rates. More specifically,we find that the rate at which T-gates are demanded by an application has asignificant impact on the optimal distillation architecture. We develop anoptimization procedure that discovers the optimal number of factorydistillation rounds and number of output magic states per factory, as well asan overall system architecture that interacts with the factories. This yieldsbetween a 10x and 20x resource reduction compared to commonly accepted singlefactory designs. Performance is analyzed across representative applicationclasses such as quantum simulation and quantum chemistry.

Resource Optimized Quantum Architectures for Surface Code Implementations of Magic-State Distillation