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The effect of the thickness of ion exchange membranes has been investigatedfor electrodialysis (ED) and reverse electrodialysis (RED), both experimentallyand through theoretical modeling. By developing a two-dimensional model basedon Nernst-Planck theory, we theoretically find that reducing the membranethickness benefits process performance only until a certain value, below whichperformance drops. For ED, an optimum thickness can be identified in the rangeof 10-20 microns, while for RED the maximum power density is found formembranes that are three times as thick. Model calculations compare well withexperimental data collected with a series of homogeneous membranes with thesame chemical composition and a thickness in the range of 10-75 microns. Ourresults show that the classical picture that membranes should be as thin aspossible (as long as they remain pinhole-free and structurally stable) isinsufficient, and must be replaced by a more accurate theoretical framework.

Nernst-Planck transport theory for (reverse) electrodialysis: III. Optimal membrane thickness for enhanced process performance