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The modification of steel (AISI 316L and AISI 4140) surface morphology andunderlying inter-crystalline grains strain due to Xe$^+$ ion bombardment arereported to affect nitrogen diffusion after a pulsed plasma nitriding process.The ion bombardment induces regular nanometric patterns and increases theroughness of the material surface. The strain induced by the noble gasbombardment is observed in depths which are orders of magnitude larger than theprojectiles' stopping distance. The pre-bombarded samples show peculiarmicrostructures formed in the nitrided layers, modifying the in-depth hardnessprofile. Unlike the double nitrided layer normally obtained in austeniticstainless steel by pulsed plasma nitriding process, the Xe$^+$ pre-bombardmenttreatment leads to a single thick compact layer. In nitrided pre-bombarded AISI4140 steel, the diffusion zone shows long iron nitride needle-shapedprecipitates, while in non-pre-bombarded samples finer precipitates aredistributed in the material.

Effect of bombarding steel with Xe$^+$ ions on the surface nanostructure and on pulsed plasma nitriding process