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ObjectivesMembrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is critical to a number of proteolytic and profibrotic events. However, upstream regulation of MT1-MMP with myocardial ischemia–reperfusion remains poorly understood. MicroRNAs regulate post-transcriptional events, and in silico mapping has identified a conserved sequence in MT1-MMP for microRNA-133a. This study tested the hypothesis that changes in microRNA-133a regulation occur with myocardial ischemia–reperfusion, which contributes to time- and region-dependent changes in MT1-MMP activity and processing of MT1-MMP substrates.MethodsYorkshire pigs (n = 12) underwent ischemia–reperfusion (90 minutes ischemia and 120 minutes reperfusion), where regional preload recruitable stroke work (sonomicrometry), interstitial MT1-MMP activity (microdialysis), Smad2 abundance (immunoblotting), and interstitial microRNA-133a (polymerase chain reaction) were determined within the ischemia–reperfusion and remote regions. Human left ventricular fibroblasts were transduced with microRNA-133a and anti–microRNA-133a (lentivirus) to determine the effects on MT1-MMP protein abundance.ResultsWith ischemia–reperfusion, regional preload recruitable stroke work decreased from steady state (139 ± 20 mm Hg to 44 ± 11 mm Hg, P < .05) within the ischemia–reperfusion region. MT1-MMP activity increased in both regions. Phosphorylated Smad2 increased within the ischemia–reperfusion region. Both in vitro and in vivo interstitial levels of microRNA-133a decreased with ischemia and returned to steady-state levels with reperfusion. In vitro transduction of microRNA-133a in left ventricular fibroblasts decreased MT1-MMP levels.ConclusionsModulation of MT1-MMP activity and microRNA-133a exportation into the myocardial interstitium occurred in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia–reperfusion. In addition, changes in microRNA-133a expression in left ventricular fibroblasts resulted in an inverse modulation of MT1-MMP abundance. Therefore, targeting of microRNA-133a represents a potentially novel means for regulating the cascade of profibrotic events after ischemia–reperfusion

journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery

Differential membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase substrate processing with ischemia–reperfusion: Relationship to interstitial microRNA dynamics and myocardial function