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Birnessite was synthetized through redox reaction by mixing MnO4-, Mn2+ andOH- solutions. The Mn(VII): Mn(II) ratio of 0.33 was chosen and three methodswere used consisting in a quick mixing under vigorous stirring of two of thethree reagents and then on the dropwise addition of the third one. The obtainedsolids were characterized by XRD, FTIR and XPS spectroscopies. Their averageoxidation states were determined from ICP and CEC measurements while theirsurface properties were investigated by XPS. This study provides an increasedunderstanding of the importance of dissolved oxygen in the formation ofbirnessite and hausmannite and shows the ways to obtain pure birnessite. Therole of counter-ion ie. Na+ or K+ was also examined.

Conditions for the formation of pure birnessite during the oxidation of Mn(II) cations in aqueous alkaline medium