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Two heuristics namely diversity-based (DBTP) and history-based testprioritization (HBTP) have been separately proposed in the literature. Yet,their combination has not been widely studied in continuous integration (CI)environments. The objective of this study is to catch regression faultsearlier, allowing developers to integrate and verify their changes morefrequently and continuously. To achieve this, we investigated six open-sourceprojects, each of which included several builds over a large time period.Findings indicate that previous failure knowledge seems to have strongpredictive power in CI environments and can be used to effectively prioritizetests. HBTP does not necessarily need to have large data, and its effectivenessimproves to a certain degree with larger history interval. DBTP can be usedeffectively during the early stages, when no historical data is available, andalso combined with HBTP to improve its effectiveness. Among the investigatedtechniques, we found that history-based diversity using NCD Multiset issuperior in terms of effectiveness but comes with relatively higher overhead interms of method execution time. Test prioritization in CI environments can beeffectively performed with negligible investment using previous failureknowledge, and its effectiveness can be further improved by consideringdissimilarities among the tests.

Test Prioritization in Continuous Integration Environments