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Experimental microstylolites have been observed at stressed contacts betweenquartz grains loaded for several weeks in the presence of an aqueous silicasolution, at 350 8C and 50 MPa of differential stress. Stereoscopic analysis ofpairs of SEM images yielded a digital elevation model of the surface of themicrostylolites. Fourier analyses of these microstylolites reveal a self-affineroughness (with a roughness exponent H of 1.2). Coupled with observations ofclose interactions between dissolution pits and stylolitic peaks, these dataillustrate a possible mechanism for stylolite formation. The complex geometryof stylolite surfaces is imposed by the interplay between the development ofdissolution peaks in preferential locations (fast dissolution pits) and themechanical properties of the solid-fluid-solid interfaces. Simple mechanicalmodeling expresses the crucial competition that could rule the development ofmicrostylolites: (i) a stress-related process, modeled in terms of thestiffness of springs that activate the heterogeneous dissolution rates of thesolid interface, promotes the deflection. In parallel, (ii) the strength of thesolid interface, modeled in terms of the stiffness of a membrane, is equivalentto a surface tension that limits the deflection and opposes its development.The modeling produces stylolitic surfaces with characteristic geometriesvarying from conical to columnar when both the effect of dissolution-rateheterogeneity and the strength properties of the rock are taken into account. Aself-affine roughness exponent (Hz1.2) measured on modeled surfaces iscomparable with natural stylolites at small length scale and experimentalmicrostylolites.

Experimental microstylolites in quartz and modelling of natural stylolitic structures