English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Zendy Plus

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Zendy Tools

Zendy Open

Initially unpolarized solar radiation becomes polarized by scattering in theEarth's atmosphere. In particular molecular scattering polarizeselectromagnetic radiation, but also scattering of radiation at aerosols, clouddroplets and ice crystals polarizes. Each atmospheric constituent produces acharacteristic polarization signal, thus spectro-polarimetric measurements arefrequently employed for remote sensing of aerosol and cloud properties.Retrieval algorithms require efficient radiative transfer models. Usually,these apply the plane-parallel approximation, assuming that the atmosphereconsists of horizontally homogeneous layers. For remote sensing applications,the radiance is considered constant over the instantaneous field-of-view of theinstrument and each sensor element is treated independently in plane-parallelapproximation, neglecting horizontal radiation transport between adjacentpixels. In order to estimate the errors due to the IPA approximation,three-dimensional (3D) vector radiative transfer models are required. So far,only a few such models exist. Therefore, the International Polarized RadiativeTransfer (IPRT) working group of the International Radiation Commission (IRC)has initiated a model intercomparison project in order to provide benchmarkresults for polarized radiative transfer. The group has already performed anintercomparison for one-dimensional (1D) multi-layer test cases (Emde et al.,2015). This paper presents the continuation of the intercomparison project for2D and 3D test cases: a step cloud, a cubic cloud, and a more realisticscenario including a 3D cloud field generated by a Large Eddy Simulation modeland typical background aerosols. The commonly established benchmark results for3D polarized radiative transfer are available at the IPRT website(http://www.meteo.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~iprt).

IPRT polarized radiative transfer model intercomparison project - Three-dimensional test cases (phase B)