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The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of erythropoietin (EPO) and/or spirulina to treat alloxanized-diabetic rats. Eighty male albino rats were equally divided into eight groups; Group I: Normal control rats, Group II: Non-diabetic rats treated with EPO (40U/kg) injected subcutaneously three times weekly for 3weeks, Group III: Non-diabetic rats administered orally with spirulina (2g/kg/d) for 21days, Group IV: Non-diabetic rats treated by EPO (40U/kg) together with spirulina (2g/kg/d) as mentioned in groups II & III, Group V: Alloxanized-diabetic rats. Group VI: Diabetic rats treated with EPO (40U/kg) as in group II, Group VII: Diabetic rats administered with spirulina (2g/kg/d) as in group III, Group VIII: Diabetic rats were given with EPO (40U/kg) and spirulina (2g/kg/d) as in group IV. Diabetic rat group showed a significant increase in glucose and NO; and a significant decrease in insulin, SOD and CAT levels. Diabetic rats treated with EPO or/and spirulina recorded a significant decrease in the glucose and NO levels; and a significant increase in insulin, SOD and CAT levels when compared with the diabetic group. Histopathologically, diabetic rats treated with EPO or spirulina showed a slight improvement of pancreatic islets and acinar cells, diabetic rats treated with EPO & spirulina together showed an obvious recovery to approximately normal status. IHC, the expression of insulin producing cells (β-cells) of diabetic rats was improved in the three treatment groups with a lesser affinity for EPO than spirulina while with both together showed marked recovery into normal status. In conclusion, all the changes were minimized in spirulina administered group more than EPO group, however, the co-treatment of EPO and spirulina exerted stronger anti-hyperglycemic effects than treatment with each agent alone

Improvement in beta-islets of Langerhans in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by erythropoietin and spirulina