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The electric polarization hysteresis loops and remanent polarization wererevealed in multiferroics RMn$_2$O$_5$ with $R = Gd$ and $Bi$ at widetemperature interval from 5 K up to 330 K. Until recently, the long-rangeferroelectric order having an exchange-striction magnetic nature had beenobserved in RMn$_2$O$_5$ only at low temperatures ($T\leq T_C = 30$ -- 35 K).We believe that the polarization we observed was caused by the frozensuperparaelectric state which was formed by the restricted polar domainsresulting from phase separation and charge carriers self-organization. At somesufficiently high temperatures $T\gg T_C$ the frozen superparaelectric statewas destroyed, and the conventional superparaelectric state occurred. Thishappened when the potential barriers of the restricted polar domainreorientations become equal to the kinetic energy of the itinerant electrons(leakage). The hysteresis loops were measured by the so-called PUND methodwhich allowed us to correctly subtract the contribution of conductivity fromthe measured polarization. The correlations between properties of the phaseseparation domains and polarization were revealed and studied. Thehigh-temperature polarization also had a magnetic nature and was controlled bythe magnetic field because the double exchange between pairs of Mn ions withdifferent valences (Mn$^{3+}$ and Mn$^{4+}$) in RMn$_2$O$_5$ was the basicinteraction resulting in phase separation.

Electric polarization induced by phase separation in magnetically ordered and paramagnetic states of RMn2O5 (R=Gd, Bi)