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This paper proposes a novel design of liquid tank with built-in buoys forwave energy harvesting, named the 'sloshing wave energy converter (S-WEC)'.When the tank is oscillated by external loads (such as ocean waves), internalliquid sloshing is activated, and the mechanical energy of sloshing waves canbe absorbed by the power take-off (PTO) system attached to these buoys. Afully-nonlinear numerical model is established based on the boundary elementmethod for a systematic investigation on dynamic properties of the proposedS-WEC. A motion decoupling algorithm based on auxiliary functions is developedto solve the nonlinear interaction of sloshing waves and floating buoys in thetank. An artificial damping model is introduced to reflect viscous effects ofthe sloshing liquid. Physical experiments are carried out on a scaled S-WECmodel to validate the mathematical and numerical methodologies. Naturalfrequencies of the S-WEC system are first investigated through spectrumanalyses on motion histories of the buoy and sloshing liquid. The viscousdamping strength is identified through comparisons with experimentalmeasurements. Effects of the PTO damping on power generation characteristics ofS-WEC is further explored. An optimal PTO damping can be found for eachexcitation frequency, leading to the maximisation of both the power generationand conversion efficiency of the buoy. To determine a constant PTO damping forengineering design, a practical approach based on diagram analyses is proposed.Effects of the buoy's geometry on power generation characteristics of the S-WECare also investigated. In engineering practice, the present design of S-WEC canbe a promising technical solution of ocean wave energy harvesting, based on itscomprehensive advantages on survivability enhancement, metal corrosion orfouling organism inhibition, power generation stability and efficiency, and soon.

Sloshing dynamics of liquid tank with built-in buoys for wave energy harvesting