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The air dose rate in an environment contaminated with 134Cs and 137Cs dependson the amount, depth profile and horizontal distribution of these contaminantswithin the ground. This paper introduces and verifies a tool that models thesevariables and calculates ambient dose equivalent rates at 1 m above the ground.Good correlation is found between predicted dose rates and dose rates measuredwith survey meters in Fukushima Prefecture in areas contaminated withradiocesium from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Thisfinding is insensitive to the choice for modelling the activity depthdistribution in the ground using activity measurements of collected soillayers, or by using exponential and hyperbolic secant fits to the measurementdata. Better predictions are obtained by modelling the horizontal distributionof radioactive cesium across an area if multiple soil samples are available, asopposed to assuming a spatially homogeneous contamination distribution.Reductions seen in air dose rates above flat, undisturbed fields in FukushimaPrefecture are consistent with decrement by radioactive decay and downwardmigration of cesium into soil. Analysis of remediation strategies for farmlandsoils confirmed that topsoil removal and interchanging a topsoil layer with asubsoil layer result in similar reductions in the air dose rate. These twostrategies are more effective than reverse tillage to invert and mix thetopsoil.

Evaluation of ambient dose equivalent rates influenced by vertical and horizontal distribution of radioactive cesium in soil in Fukushima Prefecture