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Chromomycosis is a chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue that often follows traumatic injury and inoculation of the agent, which belongs to the group of dematiaceous fungi. Themain genera associatedwith the condition are Fonsecaea, Cladophialophora, Phialophora, and Rhinocladiella. In Brazil, although 80% of the cases result from Fonsecaea pedrosoi infection, only 3% are related to the genus Rhinocladiella. Chromomycosis is characterized by hyperproliferation of the tissues involved and by the presence of muriform cells on histopathologic examination. The disease classification, by Arturo Carri on (1950), is based on the different types of dermatologic lesions that may appear: nodular, tumoral, verrucous, scarring, and plaque. Chromomycosis lesions may undergo malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma that often leads to amputation. We report a case of chromomycosis, caused by a rare agent, in Manaus (Amazonas, Brazil). The chronic infection transformed into squamous cell carcinomaandculminated in amputation of the affected limb. Later, chromomycosis recurrence was observed in the stump.

Squamous cell carcinoma arising from a chromomycosis lesion caused by Rhinocladiella aquaspersa with postsurgical recurrence of chromomycosis