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Simulations of fluid flow in naturally fractured rocks have implications forseveral subsurface applications, including energy storage and extraction, andwaste storage. We are interested in flow in discrete fracture networks, whichexplicitly represent flow in fracture surfaces, but ignore the impact of thesurrounding host rock. Fracture networks, generated from observations orstochastic simulations, will contain intersections of arbitrary length, andintersection lines can further cross, forming a highly complex geometry. As theflow exchange between fractures, thus in the network, takes place in theseintersections, an adequate representation of the geometry is critical forsimulation accuracy. In practice, the intersection dynamics must be handled bya combination of the simulation grid, which may or may not resolve theintersection lines, and the numerical methods applied on the grid. In thiswork, we review different classes of numerical approaches proposed in recentyears, covering both methods that conform to the grid, and non-matching cases.Specific methods considered herein include finite element, mixed and virtualfinite elements and control volume methods. We expose our methods to anextensive set of test cases, ranging from artificial geometries designed totest difficult configurations, to a network extruded from a real fractureoutcrop. The main outcome is guidances for choice of simulation models andnumerical discretization with a trade off on the computational cost andsolution accuracy.

Conforming, non-conforming and non-matching discretization couplings in discrete fracture network simulations