English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Previously published epidemiology surveys have demonstrated that the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is about 0.4% of the population of Taiwan. In order to better understand disease activity, we found that 26% of patients were severe RA have a disease activity score (DAS) > 5.1, 53% of patients with moderate RA have a DAS score of 3.2e5.1, and 21% with mild RA have a DAS score <3.2. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. Without adequate treatment, a large proportion of patients develop joint damage and deformities. Since 1980, methotrexate and other nonbiological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (e.g., sulfasalazine, plaquenil, etc.) have been used to treat RA, with 70e80% of patients experiencing either symptomatic relief or a decrease in their radiologic progression. However, 20e30% of severe RA patients do not demonstrate a good clinical response and require other advanced therapies. By the year 2000, biologic DMARDs, especially anti-tumor necrosis factor a (anti-TNFa) antagonists, had entered into the market, where they were appeared as the miracle drugs needed to treat those RA patients who had either a low or poor response to conventional DMARDs. Accumulating evidence shows that TNFa plays a pivotal role in inflammatory arthritis. Many cells in the inflammatory synovium, when activated, can release different cytokines. Among them, TNFa is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that exerts pleiotropic effects on various cell types. The biologic functions of TNFa include: (1) activating macrophages; (2) increasing MHC expression; (3) increasing intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) expression; (4) decreasing the invasion of bacteria or tuberculosis (TB)-causing bacteria; (5) enhancing osteoclast maturation and activation; and (6) stimulating synovial fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production. The abnormal release of TNFa and MMP in RA can cause bone and joint erosion and destruction. Over the past 10 years, TNFa inhibitors, including etanercept, have been shown to be very effective for treating severe RA, ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and psoriatic arthritis (PSA). Currently, five anti-TNFa blockers have been approved and are used to manage inflammatory arthritis. Infliximab (remicade) is the earliest-approved anti-TNFa therapy for RA. It is administered intravenously at a dosage

The high cost of anti-TNFα drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: Can a low-price product be developed in the future?