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Hypothesis Control of capillary flow through porous media has broad practicalimplications. However, achieving accurate and reliable control of suchprocesses by tuning the pore size or by modification of interface wettabilityremains challenging. Here we propose that the flow of liquid by capillarypenetration can be accurately adjusted by tuning the geometry of porous mediaand develop numerical method to achieve this. Methodologies On the basis ofDarcys law, a general framework is proposed to facilitate the control ofcapillary flow in porous systems by tailoring the geometric shape of porousstructures. A numerical simulation approach based on finite element method isalso employed to validate the theoretical prediction. Findings A basiccapillary component with a tunable velocity gradient is designed according tothe proposed framework. By using the basic component, two functional capillaryelements, namely, (i) flow amplifier and (ii) flow resistor, are demonstrated.Then, multi functional fluidic devices with controllable capillary flow arerealized by integrating the designed capillary elements. All the theoreticaldesigns are validated by numerical simulations. Finally, it is shown that theproposed model can be extended to three dimensional designs of porous media

Tailoring porous media for controllable capillary flow