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Climate change mitigation is a global challenge that, however, needs to beresolved by national-level authorities, resembling a tragedy of the commons.This paradox is reflected at European scale, as climate commitments are made bythe EU collectively, but implementation is the responsibility of individualMember States. Here, we investigate 30.000 near-optimal effort-sharingscenarios where the European electricity sector is decarbonized by at least 55%relative to 1990, in line with 2030 ambitions. Using a highly detailedbrownfield electricity system optimization model, the optimal electricitysystem is simulated for a suite of effort-sharing scenarios. Results reveallarge inequalities in the efforts required to decarbonize national electricitysectors, with some countries facing cost-optimal pathways to reach 55% emissionreductions, while others are confronted with relatively high abatement costs.Specifically, we find that several countries with modest or low levels of GDPper capita will experience high abatement costs, and when passed over intoelectricity prices this may lead to increased energy poverty in certain partsof Europe

30.000 ways to reach 55% decarbonization of the European electricity sector