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Additive engineering has become increasingly important for making high-quality perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with a recent example involving acid during fabrication of cesium-based perovskites. Lately, it has been suggested that this process would introduce dimethylammonium ((CH 3 ) 2 NH 2  + , DMA + ) through hydrolysis of the organic solvent. However, material composition of the hydrolyzed product and its effect on the device performance remain to be understood. Here, we present an in-depth investigation of the hydrolysis-derived material (i.e., DMAPbI 3 ) and detailed analysis of its role in producing high-quality PSCs. By varying the ratio of CsI/DMAPbI 3 in the precursor, we achieve high-quality Cs x DMA 1-x PbI 3 perovskite films with uniform morphology, low density of trap states, and good stability, leading to optimized power conversion efficiency up to 14.3%, with over 85% of the initial efficiency retained after ∼20 days in air without encapsulation. Our findings offer new insights into producing high-quality Cs-based perovskite materials.

Unveiling Property of Hydrolysis-Derived DMAPbI3 for Perovskite Devices: Composition Engineering, Defect Mitigation, and Stability Optimization