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Context: The challenges posed by the architecting of System of Systems (SoS)has motivated a significant number of research efforts in the area. However,literature is lacking when it comes to the interplay between the disciplinesinvolved in the architecting process, a key factor in addressing thesechallenges.Objective: This paper aims to contribute to this line of research byconfirming and extending previously characterized architecting harmonizationpractices from Systems and Software Engineering, adopted in anultra-large-scale SoS. Method: We conducted a confirmatory case study on theSquare-Kilometre Array (SKA) project to evaluate and extend the findings of ourexploratory case on the LOFAR/LOFAR2.0 radio-telescope projects. In doing so, apre-study was conducted to map the findings of the previous study with respectto the SKA context. A survey was then designed, through which the views of 46SKA engineers were collected and analyzed. Results: The study confirmed invarious degrees the four practices identified in the exploratory case, andprovided further insights about them, namely: (1) the friction betweendisciplines caused by long-term system requirements, and how they can beameliorated through intermediate, short-term requirements; (2) the way designchoices with a cross-cutting impact on multiple agile teams have an indirectimpact on the system architecture; (3) how these design choices are oftencaused by the criteria that guided early system decomposition; (4) theseemingly recurrent issue with the lack of details about the dynamic elementsof the interfaces; and (5) the use of machine-readable interface specificationsfor aligning hardware/software development processes.

System and Software architecting harmonization practices in ultra-large-scale Systems of Systems