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Context:Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the practice to automaticallyconfigure system dependencies and to provision local and remote instances.Practitioners consider IaC as a fundamental pillar to implement DevOpspractices, which helps them to rapidly deliver software and services toend-users. Information technology (IT) organizations, such as Github, Mozilla,Facebook, Google and Netflix have adopted IaC. A systematic mapping study onexisting IaC research can help researchers to identify potential research areasrelated to IaC, for example, the areas of defects and security flaws that mayoccur in IaC scripts. Objective: The objective of this paper is to helpresearchers identify research areas related to infrastructure as code (IaC) byconducting a systematic mapping study of IaC-related research. Methodology: Weconduct our research study by searching six scholar databases. We collect a setof 33,887 publications by using seven search strings. By systematicallyapplying inclusion and exclusion criteria, we identify 31 publications relatedto IaC. We identify topics addressed in these publications by applyingqualitative analysis. Results: We identify four topics studied in IaC-relatedpublications: (i) framework/tool for infrastructure as code; (ii) use ofinfrastructure as code; (iii) empirical study related to infrastructure ascode; and (iv) testing in infrastructure as code. According to our analysis,52% of the studied 31 publications propose a framework or tool to implement thepractice of IaC or extend the functionality of an existing IaC tool.Conclusion: As defects and security flaws can have serious consequences for thedeployment and development environments in DevOps, along with other topics, weobserve the need for research studies that will study defects and securityflaws for IaC.

Where Are The Gaps? A Systematic Mapping Study of Infrastructure as Code Research