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Over the course of the last several decades, the percentage of female trainees in dermatology residency programs in the United States has consistently exceeded the percentage of male trainees. Currently, approximately 65% of the dermatology residency workforce in the United States is comprised of female trainees, which is well above the national average of approximately 50% of medical school enrollees (Bae et al., 2016). In fact, U.S. dermatology training programs have consisted of more than 50% female trainees since the mid-1990s. Despite this tremendous pipeline of female dermatologists who enter the workforce, leadership within academic dermatology has not consistently mirrored the same demographic shift. Recently, we examined the current state of women in academic dermatology with particular emphasis on program and department leadership across training institutions in the United States (Shi et al., 2017). We studied academic dermatology leadership positions in departments of institutions with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited dermatology residency training programs across the United States. We found that among dermatology residency program directors in the United States, 48% were female as of 2016. Among academic dermatology department chairs, the percentage of women was much lower and women held only 23% of current dermatology chair positions. In the examination of dermatology fellowship program director roles, women comprised 26%, 34%, and 64% of the program director positions in dermatologic surgery, dermatopathology, and pediatric dermatology, respectively. Notably, the percentages of women who served as program directors in dermatologic surgery and pediatric dermatology both fall under the overall percentage of women who practice in these subspecialty workforces. Finally, we observed that in the 29 departments where a single individual held both the department chair and program director positions, only 24% were women. The near parity that is achieved by women in program director leadership roles represents a significant change because less than a decade ago, only 28% of dermatology residency program directors werewomen (Kimball, 2012). This increased representation, particularly in light of a trainee workforce that is comprised of a majority of women, may help spark a further commitment from female trainees to pursue careers in academic dermatology, thus increasing their overall representation in the academic workforce and potential leadership roles in the future. However, in many other aspects of academic dermatology leadership (particularly in department chair

Academic dermatology leadership in the United States -- Addressing the gender gap