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In fibrous paper materials, an exposure to a variation in moisture contentcauses changes in the geometrical and mechanical properties. Such changes arestrongly affected by the inter-fibre bonds, which are responsible for thetransfer of the hygro-mechanical response from one fibre to its neighbours inthe network, resulting in sheet-scale deformation. Most models developed inliterature assume perfect bonding between fibres. In the 3D reality, there issome flexibility in the bond region, even for the perfectly bonded fibres,because of the possibility of deformation gradients through the fibrethickness. In earlier 2D idealizations, perfectly bonded fibres were assumed,implying full kinematic constraint through the entire thickness of the sheet.The purpose of the present study is to assess the effect of this assumption.Using a homogenization approach, a random network of fibres is generated withdifferent coverages and modelled using finite elements. In order to understandthe role of bonding between fibres on the hygro-expansive behaviour of anetwork, a bond model is developed. In this model, the fibres are modelledusing 2D regular bulk finite elements and the bonds are represented byinterfacial elements of finite stiffness, which are introduced between eachpair of fibres bonded in the network. These embedded interfacial elements forma connection between two respective fibres, allowing relative displacementsbetween their mid-planes. The hygro-elastic response of networks obtained withthis bond model is investigated by varying the bond stiffness and the networkcoverage under the application of mechanical loading and changes in moisturecontent. Furthermore, the bond model is used to analyse the influence ofinter-fibre bonds on the anisotropic response of the paper fibre network.

Role of inter-fibre bonds and their influence on sheet scale behaviour of paper fibre networks