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Paving block structures are experiencing an upswing in urban areas, mainly due to their ecological, economical and space forming qualities. Unfortunately, this trend is being weakened by damages which occur even if all design standard were met. Very often unsightly horizontal relative deformations between paving blocks are observed, a failure mechanism which is not taken into account in standards sufficiently. The identification and assessment of such horizontal deformation mechanisms of paving block superstructures represents the main objective of the present work. This is realized by means of complex 3D finite element simulations, investigating six different laying patterns with five different types of paving blocks, resulting in a strongly different joint behaviour of each configuration. The non-linear interaction behaviour between paving blocks was identified experimentally, implemented into the numerical simulation tool, and subsequently allowed for the reproduction of very realistic horizontal deformation mechanisms. Finally, the performance of several laying pattern and paving block type configurations were compared to each other, pointing out the strength and weaknesses of each superstructure and revealing which combinations are performing best.

Horizontal deformation resistance of paving block superstructures – Influence of paving block type, laying pattern, and joint behaviour