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Removal of the accumulated liquid from jumpers of subsea gas productionsystems is essential to avoid possible hydrate creation and further damage tothe pipeline. However, the displacement of high amounts of accumulated liquidduring the production start-up leads to a gas pressure rise. Liquid plugsformed during the liquid displacement impact the structure's elbows. This inaddition to cyclic pressure/forces fluctuations, may lead to harmfulflow-induced vibrations (FIV). These flow phenomena that may endanger thejumper structure were explored in air-water experiments performed in alab-scale jumper. The critical (minimal) gas velocity needed to purge theaccumulated liquid was determined and the pressure and forces variations duringthe liquid removal were measured. In addition, the effects of the gas velocity,initial liquid amount, and gas flow ramp-up on the air-water flow phenomenawere documented. Results of 3D and 2D numerical simulations (using OpenFOAM)were verified against the experimental data. The effects of employing differentRANS turbulence models on the predictions were tested and demonstrated. Asimple mechanistic model was established to predict the pressure and forcevariation during liquid displacement. The model enables inspecting thevariation with the operational conditions of each pressure component (i.e.,hydrostatic, friction, and acceleration) and examining their significance andcontribution to the pressure rise.

Transient gas-liquid flow phenomena in M-shaped jumper of subsea gas production systems during start-up operation