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Cloud cavitation is related to an intrinsic instability where clouds are shedperiodically. The shedding process is initiated either by the motion of aliquid re-entrant jet or a condensation shock. Cloud cavitation in nozzlesinteracts with the flow field in the nozzle, the mass flow and the spraybreak-up, and causes erosion damage. For nozzle geometries cloud shedding andthe associated processes have not yet been studied in detail. In this paper, weinvestigate the process of cloud cavitation shedding, the re-entrant jet andcondensation shocks in a scaled-up generic step nozzle with injection into gasusing implicit Large-Eddy Simulations (LES). For modeling of the cavitatingliquid we employ a barotropic equilibrium cavitation model, embedded in ahomogeneous multi-component mixture model. Full compressibility of allcomponents is taken into account to resolve the effects of collapsing vaporstructures. We carry out simulations of two operating points exhibitingdifferent cavitation regimes. The time-resolved, three-dimensional simulationresults cover several shedding cycles and provide deeper insight into the flowfield. Our results show that at lower cavitation numbers, shedding is initiatedby condensation shocks, which has not yet been reported for nozzle flows with aconstant cross-section. We analyze the cavitation dynamics and the sheddingcycles of both operating points. Based on our observations we proposemodifications to established schematics of the cloud shedding process.Additionally, we analyze the near-wall upstream flow in and underneath thevapor sheet and possible driving mechanism behind the formation of there-entrant jet.

Investigation of condensation shocks and re-entrant jet dynamics in a cavitating nozzle flow by Large-Eddy Simulation