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Laminated glass elements, which consist of stiff elastic glass layersconnected with a compliant viscoelastic polymer foil, exhibit geometricallynon-linear and time/temperature-sensitive behavior. In computational modeling,the viscoelastic effects are often neglected or a detailed continuumformulation typically based on the volumetric-deviatoric elastic-viscoelasticsplit is used for the interlayer. Four layerwise beam theories are introducedin this paper, which differ in the non-linear beam formulation at the layerlevel (von K\'{a}rm\'{a}n/Reissner) and in constitutive assumptions for theinterlayer (a viscoelastic solid with the time-independent bulk modulus/Poissonratio). We perform detailed verification and validation studies at differenttemperatures and compare the accuracy of the selected formulation withsimplified elastic solutions used in practice. We show that all the fourformulations predict very similar responses. Therefore, our suggestion is touse the most straightforward formulation that combines the von K\'{a}rm\'{a}nmodel with the assumption of time-independent Poisson ratio. The simplifiedelastic model mostly provides a response in satisfactory agreement with fullviscoelastic solutions. However, it can lead to unsafe or inaccuratepredictions for rapid changes of loading. These findings provide a suitablebasis for extensions towards laminated plates and glass layer fracture, owingto the modular format of layerwise theories.

Comparison of viscoelastic finite element models for laminated glass beams