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(186 males and 115 females) type 2 diabetic mellitus subjects. The risk factors to assess the metabolic syndrome were included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBS), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and to determine the cut-off points of these risk factors for Asian Indians used National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) – ATP III and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. The cut-off points were determined for WC >90 cm in males and >80 cm in females, BMI >23 kg/m and impaired fasting glucose (IGF) >100 mg/dl. Results: It was observed that overall type 2 diabetic males (49%) were at risk of developing metabolic syndrome as compared to females (31%). The risk factors ofmetabolic syndrome such as BMI (34.6% formales and 70.4% for females), SBP (58.8% formales, 53% for females), DBP (38.4% for male, 30.4% for females) and triglycerides (85.48% for males, 85.2% for females) consistently higher in males as compared to females in which WC (75.1% for males, 89.6% for females), HDL (65.9% for males and 89.6% for females) and FBS (64.9% for males and 72.9% for females) were higher. However, the overall mean differences between males and females of all studied risk factorswerenot found to be statistically significant ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The risk of metabolic syndrome is observed more in type 2 diabetic male Punjabi population due to sedentary lifestyle as compared to female.

indian heart journal

Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by means of ABI in asymptomatic type II North Indian diabetics and its correlation with cardiovascular risk markers