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This paper proposes an effective control strategy for converter-interfaced energy storage systems (CI-ESSs) to regulate simultaneously the frequency and its rate of change at the point of common coupling with the grid. The controller takes advantage of the fast response of CI-ESSs, and of the fact that the time frames of inertial response and primary frequency control are decoupled, allowing for an effective control capability the CI-ESS for both time frames after a disturbance. The performance of the proposed control is compared with the standard droop control and the popular virtual inertia provision. Simulation results, based on a modified version of the well-known WSCC 9-bus, 3-machine test system, indicate that the proposed control outperforms, for the scenarios considered, the other two control strategies.

Combined Frequency and RoCoF Control of Converter-Interfaced Energy Storage Systems